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利用海南省18个气象台站的雷暴人工观测资料和海南闪电定位网的观测资料,分析了海南文昌火箭发射场的雷暴特征和雷电环境,结果表明:海南岛的中部和北部雷暴活动较强,西部、东部和南部近海地区的雷暴活动较弱,文昌发射场处在北部较强的雷暴区;采用Krigine(克里格)方法拟合的结果为文昌火箭发射场雷暴日数的年变化从1982年以后逐渐减少,发射场一年中各月都有雷暴发生,4-10月为雷暴高发期;发射场西部、西北部和北部区域雷暴活动较其它区域要强,79%的雷电流强度小于40 kA,而只有5.9%的雷电流强度大于60 kA,一天中闪电的发生有两个高峰时段,一个出现在凌晨5时到6时,另一个时段出现在14时到18时,午后15时左右是闪电活动最频繁的时段。
Based on the observation data of thunderstorm at 18 meteorological stations in Hainan Province and the observation data of Hainan Lightning Positioning Network, the characteristics of thunderstorm and lightning environment of Hainan Wenchang rocket launch site are analyzed. The results show that the thunderstorm activity in central and northern Hainan Island is strong, Thunderstorm activity in the eastern and southern offshore areas was weak and the Wenchang launch site was in a strong thunderstorm area in the north. The Krigine method was used to fit the annual variation of thunderstorm days at the Wenchang rocket launch site. Since 1982, Thunderstorm occurred in the launching site in each month of the year, and the thunderstorm occurred in April-October. The thunderstorm activity in the western, northwestern and northern regions of the launch site was stronger than that in other regions, and the intensity of 79% lightning current was less than 40 kA. While only 5.9% of the lightning current intensity is greater than 60 kA. There are two peak periods of lightning occurring in one day. One occurs at 5:00 am to 6:00 am and the other at 14:00 am to 18:00 pm. The afternoon at around 15:00 is lightning The most frequent activity period.