紫砂壶装饰青铜器纹样的艺术魅力

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  Gem miniature gardening is the derivatively luxurious outcome of the Court Culture of Qing Dynasty, and it has specific factors as many types of rare jewels and stones are adopted by royal workshops to make miniature trees and rockery, besides it takes lots of manpower resources of local handicraftsmen. Since the Qing Dynasty, it always is the exclusive consumption of the imperial family as it is buried symbolized notions, for example, “Long long life from generation to generation”. The essay is about this type of craft works, especial the piece of coral and ivory miniature gardening of copper cloisonné vase in Kangxi. The key point is the technical skills of cloisonné, which is the main line to string together for a map of Chinese typical handicraft, and to set on such solo aesthetic phenomenon.
  紫砂壶作为我国的一种文化符号,本身具有极强的包容性,世世代代的紫砂艺人往往选择回归中国传统文化,以诗、书、画作为紫砂壶的装饰。青铜器上镌刻的各种古老纹饰,历经几千年岁月洗礼,至今依旧熠熠生辉。《六方汉风》这件作品画龙点睛之处就在于采用青铜器经典纹样窃曲纹作为装饰,使得整件作品颇有古朴、端庄之韵。
  制作紫砂壶所用原料——紫砂泥,以良好的可塑性著称,这就为紫砂壶装饰艺术提供了广阔的施展空间。自古以来,无数能工巧匠凭借自身精湛的技艺,将书画、雕刻等艺术形式融贯于紫砂器,在紫砂生坯上进行草、隶、篆等多种字体书写,以花鸟、山水、人物等白描作为紫砂壶装饰乃主流之选,鲜有人会将紫砂壶与古老的青铜器联想在一起。
  偶有人考虑到将两者结合,却是以紫砂作为原料,仿制青铜器的各种造型来制作器皿,忽略了青铜器细微之处纹样的无穷魅力。以青铜器纹饰作为装饰手段,丰富紫砂壶自身文化内涵的同时,又不掩盖青铜器纹饰的艺术性,两者结合可谓相得益彰。
  将青铜器纹样作为紫砂壶装饰,保证紫砂壶的器型、色泽与青铜器纹样图案相协调,是最基础的。此件作品《六方汉风》其壶身为传统的“六方”形态,从壶钮到壶底逐渐辐射开来,壶底置足,更能凸显稳重。
  此外,壶身线条简洁明了,整体弧线成熟自然。《六方汉风》泥料采用的是老清水泥,老清水泥泥色的醇和尔雅与青铜器纹样的古朴相契合,整体气韵浑然一体,和谐融洽。
  运用青铜器纹样作为装饰时,还应考虑纹样的造型、组合、比例关系及纹样背后所蕴含的寓意等因素。青铜器纹样,顾名思义,是运用于青铜器之上的纹饰,含有人类社会早期劳动人民朴素的情感。作品《六方汉风》壶口以斜云纹作为装饰,壶身以窃曲纹作为装饰。斜云纹细腻生动、飘逸多姿,俯瞰时别有一番韵味,宛如人的衣领一般高贵华美,将壶口装饰得更加秀美别致。
  商周青铜器上装饰的云雷纹,是云纹的早期形态,在云纹的发展史中,具有重要意义。斜云纹是在云雷纹的基础上进行简化的一种云纹。作为古老的吉祥图案,云纹的灵动飘逸演绎在紫砂壶上,传递着步步高升和吉祥如意的美好祝福。窃曲纹形态卷曲细长,上下相应相合,耐人寻味,壶身六面各有一个独立窃曲纹的图案,围绕壶身一周,简洁大方。
  《吕氏春秋》中记载:“周鼎有窃曲,状甚长,上下皆曲,以见极之败也。”鼎,是商周时期最重要的青铜器物种之一,象征着权力,由此可见,窃曲纹也是一种重要纹饰。窃曲纹抽象于动物纹样,多用于青铜器装饰,具有直中有圆,曲中有方的特點。两组青铜器纹饰的点缀,为此壶增添了不少华丽、繁复的韵味,一扫六方壶板正、笨拙之气,将紫砂壶的造型之美和人文内涵完美地凸显出来,使人充分领略紫砂艺术的无穷魅力。

  作品《六方汉风》采用特定的青铜器纹样作为装饰,以形、体、饰的综合表达,流露出浓浓的古朴与端庄之韵,把其中蕴含的历史人文魅力传递给所有的爱壶之人。
  结语:宋代诗人梅尧臣曾云:“小石冷泉留早味,紫泥新品泛春华”,由此看出紫砂艺术在宋代已流行开来,直到今天紫砂艺术依然长盛不衰,可见其顽强的艺术生命力。正是在一代又一代的紫砂艺人不断继承传统的基础之上,将许多中国传统文化中的元素运用在紫砂壶上面,才为我们带来耳目一新的紫砂作品,而将青铜器纹样作为紫砂壶装饰,既能使得古老而又辉煌的装饰形式得以继承和发扬,又能够让我们在平时生活之中,喝茶论道之时,感受其中丰富的文化内涵和穿越历史而来的人文魅力。
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