本文针对西方学者关于前苏联的“极端独裁政权”和“行政命令体制”产生于国内战争时期、国内战争爆发的原因是由于布尔什维克没有同孟什维克、社会革命党结成联盟而这个联盟未能实现的原因则是由于列宁坚持在苏维埃第二次代表大会以前夺取政权的观点提出。十月革命以前的一系列事件说明 ,列宁坚持在苏维埃第二次代表大会以前举行武装起义是完全正确的 ,布尔什维克同右翼政党未结成联盟是因为它们分别代表着不同阶级的利益以及右翼政党的妥协性和动摇性。爆发国内战争的原因是帝国主义统治者和国内的地主资产阶级不容许无产阶级专政的存在和社会主义制度的产生 ,不在于布尔什维克未同右翼政党结成联盟。国内战争时期的非常措施不表示苏俄已经形成某种经济政治体制 ,不应该把前苏联模式的形成与国内战争联系起来 This article aims at the fact that the “extreme dictatorial regime” and “administrative order system” of the former Soviet Union originated in the period of civil war from the Western scholars. The reason for the outbreak of the civil war was that the Bolshevik union failed to achieve its alliance with the Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries The reason is due to Lenin’s insistence on seizing power before the second Soviet Congress. The series of incidents before the October Revolution show that it is entirely correct that Lenin insisted that an armed uprising be held before the Second Soviet Congress. The Bolsheviks have not formed an alliance with the right-wing parties because they represent the interests of different classes and the rights of the right-wing parties, respectively Compromise and shake. The reason for the outbreak of a civil war is that imperialist rulers and the domestic landlord-bourgeoisie do not allow the existence of a proletarian dictatorship and the emergence of a socialist system, not because the Bolsheviks have not formed an alliance with the right-wing parties. The extraordinary measures during the civil war did not mean that Russia had formed some kind of economic and political system and should not associate the formation of the former Soviet Union with the civil war