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目的:探讨呼和浩特市体检人群甲状腺疾病的患病情况及其相关危险因素。方法:选择2017年7月至2018年7月呼和浩特市内蒙古国际旅行卫生保健中心的3 100例健康体检者为对象，进行问卷调查、甲状腺功能检测及甲状腺超声检查；采用多分类logistic回归模型分析相关调查因素与不同类型甲状腺疾病（单纯甲状腺结节、单纯甲状腺功能异常、甲状腺功能异常伴结节）的关系。结果:在3 100例健康体检者中，有效应答对象共2 885例，其中男性743例、女性2 142例；年龄为（46.23 ± 12.32）岁；单纯甲状腺结节、单纯甲状腺功能异常和甲状腺功能异常伴结节者分别为909、648、619例，检出率分别为31.51%、22.46%、21.46%。logistic回归分析显示，年龄[35 ~ 54岁：比值比（n OR）= 1.30，95%置信区间（n CI）：1.01 ~ 1.68；≥55岁：n OR = 2.30，95%n CI：1.68 ~ 3.14，n P均< 0.05]、性别（n OR = 1.65，95%n CI：1.32 ~ 2.07，n P < 0.05）、肥胖（ n OR = 1.35，95%n CI：1.08 ~ 1.70，n P < 0.05）和精神压力[明显很大： n OR = 1.64，95%n CI：1.09 ~ 2.48；有一点：n OR = 1.54，95%n CI：1.02 ~ 2.32，n P均< 0.05]是影响单纯甲状腺结节发生的危险因素；年龄（35 ~ 54、≥55岁）、性别、不良情绪（有一点）和精神压力（明显很大）是影响单纯甲状腺功能异常发生的危险因素，食用高碘食物是其保护因素；年龄（35 ~ 54、≥55岁）、性别、肥胖、甲状腺家族遗传史是影响甲状腺功能异常伴结节发生的危险因素，食用碘盐是其保护因素。n 结论:年长的女性是甲状腺疾病的高危人群，肥胖、不良情绪、精神压力等会增加疾病的发生风险，日常食用碘盐、适量食用高碘食物可以降低发病风险。“,”Objective:To explore the prevalence and risk factors of thyroid diseases in the physical examination population of Hohhot.Methods:From July 2017 to July 2018, 3 100 health examinees from Inner Mongolia National Examination Medical Center were selected as subjects for questionnaire survey, thyroid function test and thyroid ultrasound examination; a multinomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between relevant investigation factors and different types of thyroid diseases (simple thyroid nodules, simple thyroid dysfunction, and thyroid dysfunction with nodules).Results:Among the 3 100 healthy examinees, there were 2 885 effective responders, including 743 males and 2 142 females, aged (46.23 ± 12.32) years; the simple thyroid nodules, simple thyroid dysfunction, and thyroid dysfunction with nodules were 909, 648, and 619 cases, respectively, and the detection rates were 31.51%, 22.46%, and 21.46%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis results showed that age [35 - 54 years old: odds ratio (n OR) = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (n CI): 1.01 - 1.68; ≥55 years old: n OR = 2.30, 95%n CI: 1.68 - 3.14, n P < 0.05], gender ( n OR = 1.65, 95%n CI: 1.32 - 2.07, n P < 0.05), obesity ( n OR = 1.35, 95%n CI: 1.08 - 1.70, n P < 0.05), and mental stress [significant: n OR = 1.64, 95%n CI: 1.09 - 2.48; some: n OR = 1.54, 95%n CI: 1.02 - 2.32, n P < 0.05] were the risk factors affecting the occurrence of simple thyroid nodules. The age (35 ~ 54, ≥55 years old), gender, bad mood (a little), and mental stress (significant) were risk factors that affected the occurrence of simple thyroid dysfunction; eating high iodine food was its protective factor. The age (35 ~ 54, ≥55 years old), gender, obesity, and thyroid family genetic history were risk factors for thyroid dysfunction with nodules; the consumption of iodized salt was its protective factor.n Conclusions:Older women are high-risk groups for thyroid diseases. Obesity, bad mood, mental stress will increase the risk of the disease. Daily consumption of iodized salt and moderate consumption of high iodine food can reduce the risk of the disease.