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以设在山西省阳高县的大型径流观测场为依托,研究晋北黄土丘陵区不同人工植被对水土流失和土壤水分含量的影响。结果表明,柠条、沙棘、油松植被能有效控制水土流失,蓄水能力为84.8%～95.9%,保土能力为95.2%～99.7%;植被生长的第3年和第4年,荒坡区和苜蓿区的蓄水保土能力急剧增强,第4年蓄水能力分别达82.8%和91.2%,保土能力达97.0%和98.0%;不同植被区4-9月土壤水分变异系数为7.0%～19.1%,其中油松区变异系数最大,其次为沙棘、苜蓿和柠条区,荒坡区和裸坡区变异较小,不同植被区土壤水分亏缺率为23.98%～52.66%,亏缺顺序为柠条区>苜蓿区>油松区>沙棘区>荒坡区>裸坡区。可见,植被提高了土壤水分的变异及亏缺程度。
Based on the large-scale runoff observatory located in Yanggao County of Shanxi Province, the effects of different artificial vegetation on water and soil loss and soil moisture content in the loess hilly region of northern Shanxi were studied. The results showed that the vegetation of Caragana korshinskii, Hippophae rhamnoides L. and Pinus tabulaeformis could effectively control soil erosion, with water storage capacity of 84.8% -95.9% and soil conservation capacity of 95.2% -99.7%. In the third and fourth year of vegetation growth, In the fourth year, the water storage and soil conservation capacities were 82.8% and 91.2% respectively, and the soil conservation capacity was 97.0% and 98.0% respectively. The coefficient of variation of soil moisture in different vegetation areas from April to September was 7.0 % ~ 19.1%, among which the coefficient of variation of Pinus tabulaeformis was the largest, followed by seabuckthorn, alfalfa and Caragana intermedia, and the variation was less in the slopes and bare slopes. The soil water deficit rates in different vegetation areas ranged from 23.98% to 52.66% The order of lacking is Caragana region> Alfalfa region> Pinus tabulaeformis> Seabuckthorn region> Cassia region> bare slope region. Can be seen, vegetation increased soil moisture variation and deficit.