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【目的】为探讨土壤中的残膜含量对棉花根区环境及生长发育的影响。【方法】在大田条件下,以新陆中47号为供试材料,设置了0(CK)、225、450、675和900 kg·hm~(-2)共5个残膜量处理,于2013-2014开展2年小区模拟试验,研究了棉田土壤氮素、根系形态、产量性状随土壤中残膜含量的变化规律。【结果】随着残膜量的增大产量均呈下降趋势,450、675、900 kg·hm~(-2)残膜量处理的产量均显著(P<0.05)低于0 kg·hm~(-2)(CK),其中900 kg·hm~(-2)处理的产量降低了22.2%。残膜阻碍根系生长,根长、根直径、根表面积、根体积、根尖数均随残膜量的增加而下降,其中,900 kg·hm~(-2)处理较0 kg·hm~(-2)(CK)分别下降了33.7%,24.3%,19.72%,66.4%和35.3%;0 kg·hm~(-2)与225、450、675、900 kg·hm~(-2)残膜量处理在花期和铃期均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。随着残膜量的增加土壤中的铵态氮和硝态氮呈增加趋势,与0 kg·hm~(-2)(CK)相比,900 kg·hm~(-2)处理在铃期铵态氮增加了36.6%、硝态氮增加了40.1%。【结论】残膜降低氮素利用率,阻碍了根系生长,不利于棉花产量的提高。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of residual film content in soil on the root zone environment and growth and development of cotton. 【Method】 Under field conditions, a total of five residual film treatments, 0 (CK), 225, 450, 675 and 900 kg · hm -2 were set with Xinluzhong 47 as test material. In 2013-2014, a two-year plot experiment was conducted to study the variation of soil nitrogen, root morphology and yield characteristics with the content of residual membrane in soil. 【Result】 The results showed that with the increase of residual film amount, the yield all showed a downward trend. The yield of the film with 450, 675, 900 kg · hm -2 was significantly lower (P <0.05) than 0 kg · hm ~ (-2) (CK), of which the yield of 900 kg · hm -2 reduced by 22.2%. The residual membrane impeded the growth of the root system. The root length, root diameter, root surface area, root volume and root tip number all decreased with the increase of the residual membrane volume. Among them, 900 kg · hm -2 treatment compared with 0 kg · hm ~ -2) and CK (CK) decreased by 33.7%, 24.3%, 19.72%, 66.4% and 35.3% respectively; 0 kg · hm -2 and 225,450,675,900 kg · hm -2 residues There was a significant difference in flowering and boll stage between the two treatments (P <0.05). With the increase of residual film, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil showed an increasing trend. Compared with CK (0 kg · hm -2), 900 kg · hm -2 treatment increased The ammonium nitrogen increased by 36.6% and the nitrate nitrogen increased by 40.1%. 【Conclusion】 The residual membrane decreased the utilization of nitrogen and hindered the growth of root system, which was unfavorable to the increase of cotton yield.