Modern medicine textbooks first appeared in China at the end of the 19th century when Western missionaries initiated church medical schools in several Chinese cities. From early oral notes to the translation of Western medical books, Chinese medicine textbooks basically achieved localization in the 1960s after repeated practice and exploration. The content in the textbook “Surgery” has been substantially updated from the 1950’s trial version to the current eighth edition; however, that about the blood supply to the femoral head has been kept almost unchanged. The descriptions as well as the illustrations are almost the same in the first edition of the unified “Surgery” in 1979 to the eighth edition published in 2014. According to domestic and foreign research, content regarding the blood supply to the femoral head in Chinese surgical textbooks has not been properly updated and follows the literature from more than 60 years ago. In this paper, based on a review of the development of medicine textbooks, we compared the content about the blood supply to the femoral head in more than 10 versions of textbooks since the 1950 s, including the brief Soviet textbooks. It is suggested that the content about the blood supply to the femoral head in current textbooks should be updated and modified according to the latest research progress and the textbooks currently used in the United States. For example, the terminal branches of the medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries should be termed as “retinacular arteries” as described in most modern literatures, rather than “lateral epiphysial artery”, “superior metaphysial artery”, and “inferior metaphyseal artery”.