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目的了解同德县新生儿乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(Hepatitis B Vaccine,HepB)接种的影响因素。方法从随机整群抽样方法抽取的调查对象中,以所有<7岁儿童作为研究对象,其中接种过HepB者为对照组,未接种者为研究组。由接受过培训的调查人员,根据统一制定的调查表,通过向儿童家长/监护人询问相关问题,获取儿童接种HepB的相关信息。录入数据库并核实无误后,以统计分析系统(Statistical Analysis System,SAS)软件Logistic回归程序,对影响同德县新生儿HepB接种的因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果共有416名儿童参加本研究,其中对照组和研究组人数为1:1。同德县新生儿HepB接种率较低,且不同乡的儿童HepB接种率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),但也看到近年来接种率迅速提高(P<0.001);儿童家长/监护人如能对HepB有较清楚的了解,其子女接种率能达到很高水平(P<0.001);在家与在医院出生的儿童HepB接种率相近(P=0.2190),以及绝大多数牧民要等≥2个月才能见到上门巡诊的医生,反映了当地卫生资源的匮乏和医疗服务质量的低下。结论要通过强化对有关医务人员的乙肝预防知识培训,对牧民开展有效的科普宣传,以及改善医疗服务,促进新生儿HepB接种率的提高。
Objective To understand the influencing factors of Hepatitis B Vaccine (HepB) vaccination in Tongde County. Methods From randomized sample sampling, all children <7 years of age were selected as study subjects, among whom HepB were vaccinated as control group and unvaccinated persons as study group. A trained investigator, on the basis of a harmonized questionnaire, obtains information on the child’s inoculation of HepB by asking the parent / guardian of the child about the problem. After entering into the database and verifying the correctness, single factor and multivariate analysis were conducted on the factors influencing the HepB vaccination of Newborns in Tongde County based on Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software Logistic regression program. Results A total of 416 children were enrolled in this study, of which the control group and study group were 1: 1. HepB vaccination rates were lower in newborns in Tongde County and HepB vaccination rates in children from different townships were significantly different (P <0.001), but the rate of vaccination was also rapidly increased in recent years (P <0.001). Parents / guardians of children The coverage rate of children with HepB was very high (P <0.001). HepB vaccination rate was similar between children born at home and hospital (P = 0.2190), and the majority of herdsmen had ≥ Two months to see the doctor on-site visits, reflecting the lack of local health resources and the low quality of medical services. Conclusions It is necessary to enhance HepB vaccination rate through strengthening training on hepatitis B prevention knowledge for relevant medical staffs, conducting effective popularization of popular science for pastoralists and improving medical services.