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目的为了解该园水痘暴发原因及可能的危险因素、控制疫情,调查处理。方法建立病例定义并确定搜索范围,开展流行病学调查。用EpiData、Excel、SPSS等软件对病例进行描述性分析及病例对照研究。结果本次调查43例病例,幼儿园病例38例,幼儿园罹患率23.31%;此次暴发持续42d,并有潜伏期病例存在;临床症状以单纯出疹伴发热为主,占19%;年龄集中于3岁组,性别间无统计学差异(χ2=2.16,P=0.14);园内儿童均无水痘疫苗免疫史,为高危人群;不同班级间罹患率存在统计学差异(χ2=18.63,P=0.00);学校与家庭接触方式均可导致病例的发生。病例-对照研究显示:村内是否有水痘病例及班内首发病例未及时隔离作为暴露因素存在统计学的差异(χ2=7.00,P=0.008;χ2=11.67,P=0.001)。结论这是一起由传入病例引起并在人群中传播的幼儿园水痘暴发,且该幼儿园教室拥挤、通风不畅,易实现传播;其次,幼儿园人群中免疫水平低下,易感者较多;第三,出现病例后,部分病例未能及时隔离。这些原因导致了这起暴发疫情的出现,而病例的未及时隔离是主要的原因。
Objective To understand the causes of the park chickenpox outbreaks and possible risk factors to control the epidemic, investigate and deal with. Methods Establish case definition and determine the scope of the search, carry out epidemiological investigation. Using EpiData, Excel, SPSS and other software for descriptive analysis of cases and case-control studies. Results The survey of 43 cases, 38 cases of kindergarten, kindergarten attack rate of 23.31%; the outbreak continued for 42 days, and the existence of latent cases; clinical symptoms were simple rash with fever, accounting for 19%; age concentrated in 3 No significant difference was found between age group and sex (χ2 = 2.16, P = 0.14). There was no history of chickenpox vaccination in children in the park, which was a high risk group. There was a significant difference in attack rates among different classes (χ2 = 18.63, P = 0.00 ); School and family contacts can lead to the occurrence of cases. Case-control studies showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the presence of chickenpox in the village and in-class first-case isolation as a factor of exposure (χ2 = 7.00, P = 0.008; χ2 = 11.67, P = 0.001). Conclusions This is an outbreak of chickenpox in kindergarten caused by imported cases and spread in the population. Moreover, the kindergarten is crowded and poorly ventilated with easy access to the classrooms. Secondly, the immunity level of kindergarten population is low with more susceptible persons. The third After the occurrence of cases, some cases failed to be isolated in time. These causes led to the outbreak of this outbreak, and the case was not isolated in time is the main reason.