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本文综述近十年来超导电子学的一些主要进展,特别对SIS准粒子检测器,混频器,微波接收机,新电压基准以及新型高速模拟信号处理技术等作一简单介绍。和常温电子器件相比,超导电子器件的特点是“两高两低”。所谓“两高”,是指“高速率与高灵敏度”。所谓“两低”,是指“低功耗与低噪声”。文中指出,超导电子器件所具有的这些独特的优良性能,都应归结于低温条件。最近国际上出现了“超导热”,国内各有关科研单位也都在研制高Tc的超导材料。但是,必须注意,提高超导材料的转变温度,可使器件在较高温度下工作,但由于较高的热噪声电平,器件的一些独特的优良性能可能被牺牲了,因此,高Tc超导材料的发现,决不意味着在一切超导应用中,都可以降低致冷要求。
This article reviews some of the major advances in superconductivity electronics in the recent decade. In particular, we present a brief introduction of SIS quasi-particle detectors, mixers, microwave receivers, new voltage references, and new high-speed analog signal processing techniques. Compared with room temperature electronic devices, superconductive electronic devices are characterized by “two high and two low.” The so-called “two highs” refers to “high speed and high sensitivity.” The so-called “two low” refers to “low power consumption and low noise.” The article pointed out that these unique superconducting electronic devices have excellent performance, should be attributed to the low temperature conditions. Recently appeared in the world, “superconducting heat,” the domestic research institutes are also related to the development of high Tc superconducting materials. However, it must be noted that increasing the transition temperature of the superconducting material will allow the device to operate at higher temperatures, but due to the higher thermal noise level, some unique superior properties of the device may be sacrificed, The discovery of guide materials, by no means does not mean that in all superconducting applications, can reduce the cooling requirements.