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目的了解农村居民糖尿病防治知识知晓情况和获得途径,评估健康生活方式干预效果,为今后制定农村地区糖尿病防治策略提供依据。方法应用问卷调查的方式对青岛市农村居民进行糖尿病知识掌握情况进行调查,并对他们进行为期3年的健康教育干预,3年后进行随访。结果干预前糖尿病知识知晓率为16.64%,干预后为84.37%,干预后高于干预前(P<0.01);干预后农村居民对肥胖与健康间的关系等糖尿病知识掌握情况提高,与干预前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);干预后调查对象通过各种途径得到糖尿病相关知识的人数和比例较干预前均有上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。干预后糖尿病危险因素的知晓率高于干预前(P<0.01),但干预前后均较低;酗酒是干预前后知晓率最低的危险因素,分别占干预前后的2.08%和4.61%。结论通过在农村地区实施健康生活干预,可以有效提高农村社区居民糖尿病知识知晓率水平。应加强电视节目、病友交流会、社区医生宣传三个渠道的宣传教育。
Objective To understand the knowledge and ways of prevention and treatment of diabetes among rural residents and assess the effects of intervention in healthy lifestyles so as to provide basis for future prevention and treatment strategies of diabetes in rural areas. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the situation of knowledge of diabetes among rural residents in Qingdao and their health education intervention was conducted for 3 years. Follow-up was conducted after 3 years. Results Before intervention, the knowledge rate of diabetes was 16.64%, 84.37% after intervention, and higher than before intervention (P <0.01). After intervention, knowledge of diabetes among obese people and health was improved, (P <0.01). After intervention, the number and proportion of respondents who got diabetes-related knowledge through various ways increased compared with those before intervention (P <0.01) .Conclusion1. The awareness rate of risk factors for diabetes after intervention was higher than before intervention (P <0.01), but both before and after intervention were low. Alcoholism was the lowest risk factor before and after intervention, accounting for 2.08% and 4.61% before and after intervention respectively. Conclusion The implementation of healthy life intervention in rural areas can effectively improve the level of awareness of diabetes among rural residents. Television programs should be strengthened, patient exchange sessions, community doctors to promote publicity and education of the three channels.