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[目的]了解上海市某社区学龄前儿童的超重肥胖状况及家长、幼托机构工作人员的相关营养知识、态度和行为现状,并进行健康教育以降低学龄前儿童营养过剩的发生率。[方法]采用分层随机抽样法,选取目的社区各幼托机构儿童及其家长(各360名)以及幼托机构工作人员(40名)为研究对象,对样本儿童的家长及幼托机构工作人员进行为期9个月的健康教育,干预前、后对儿童进行健康体检;对家长及工作人员进行营养知识(knowledge,K)、态度(attitude,A)、行为(practice,P)进行问卷调查。[结果]健康教育前,目的社区学龄前儿童的平均体质指数为15.86±1.55,超重儿童34人,占所有儿童样本的9.4%,肥胖儿童21人,占所有儿童样本的5.8%;儿童家长及幼托机构工作人员的营养KAP平均得分为84.96分。健康教育后,该社区学龄前儿童的平均体质指数为15.26±1.50,超重儿童24人,占所有样本的6.8%;肥胖儿童12人,占所有样本的3.4%;儿童家长及幼托机构工作人员的营养KAP平均得分为92.27分。[结论]通过营养健康教育,改善了目的社区学龄前儿童的超重及肥胖状况,提高了家长及幼托机构工作人员的营养知识、态度、行为认知水平。
[Objective] To understand the prevalence of overweight and obesity among preschool children in a certain community in Shanghai, as well as the nutritional knowledge, attitude and behavior of parents and child care workers and to conduct health education to reduce the incidence of over-nutrition in preschool children. [Methods] The stratified random sampling method was used to select the children and their parents (each 360) and the childcare institution staff (40) in the community of the target community as the research object, and to work on the parents and childcare institutions of the sample children The staff conducted a 9-month health education before and after the intervention. Children’s health examination was conducted before and after the intervention. Questionnaires on knowledge, attitude, attitude and behavior of parents and staff members were conducted. . [Results] Before and after health education, the average body mass index of preschool children in community of purpose was 15.86 ± 1.55, 34 overweight children, 9.4% of all children’s samples and 21 obese children, accounting for 5.8% of all children’s samples. The children’s parents and Kindergarten child care unit nutrition KAP average score of 84.96 points. After health education, the average body mass index of pre-school children in this community was 15.26 ± 1.50, 24 overweight children, accounting for 6.8% of all samples, 12 obese children, accounting for 3.4% of all samples, and the children’s parents and childcare staff Nutritional KAP average score was 92.27 points. [Conclusion] The nutrition and health education improved the overweight and obesity status of preschool children in the community of purpose and improved the knowledge, attitude and behaviors of nutrition knowledge, attitude and behavior of parents and preschool child care workers.