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自然科学、社会科学和人文科学的研究对象不同,决定了它们研究方法的区别。人文科学以人的精神世界为研究对象,这使得其研究方法具有特殊性。关于人文科学研究方法的争论主要有统一论、独立论和家族相似论。若要建立科学的方法论,必须既反对统一论和独立论的一刀切的研究方法,也要反对家族相似论的模糊不清的研究方法,要将理解——研究的主观方面和说明——研究对象的客观方面相结合作为其研究的主要方法。
Natural sciences, social sciences and humanities are different subjects of study, determines the difference between their research methods. The humanities science takes the human spiritual world as the research object, which makes its research method particular. The debates on the research methods of the humanities include the theories of unification, independence and family similarities. If we want to establish a scientific methodology, we must oppose both the omnidirectional research method of unity theory and the independence theory, and the obscure research method of family similarity theory. We must understand the subjective aspects and explanations of the research - the research object The combination of objective aspects as the main method of its research.