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1.两性霉素B 常用量0.1～0.6mg/kg,或隔日给予双倍上述剂量。如果病人情况严重,可在开始剂量注射完毕后的2至4小时,开始0.25mg/kg,以后可在间隔8小时给一剂,连续2至3剂。但每24小时不得超过0.6mg/kg。 鞘内给药 在治疗霉菌性脑膜炎时两性霉素B很难进入脑脊液,因此有时需同时采取鞘内给药,初始量0.1mg,然后根据病人情况渐增至48至72小时给0.5mg。球孢于菌脑膜炎需同时采取鞘内给药,但隐球菌脑膜炎一般不需加用鞘内给药。 副作用 首次给药可有发烧反应,一般在给药后2至3小时发生,并维持1小时左右,有人在注射开始时给患者静脉氢化可的松。严重副作用包括谵妄,低血压,哮鸣及血氯过少症。肾损伤是最严重
1. amphotericin B commonly used amount of 0.1 ~ 0.6mg / kg, or every other day to give double the above dose. If the patient is in a serious condition, 0.25 mg / kg may be started 2 to 4 hours after the start of the bolus injection, followed by a single dose of 8 to 8 doses of 2 to 3 consecutive doses. But every 24 hours shall not exceed 0.6mg / kg. Intrathecal administration of amphotericin B in the treatment of fungal meningitis is difficult to enter the cerebrospinal fluid, and therefore sometimes need to take intrathecal administration, the initial amount of 0.1mg, and then gradually increased to 48 to 72 hours according to the patient to 0.5mg. Coccidiomycosis in meningitis need to take intrathecal administration, but cryptococcal meningitis generally do not need to add intrathecal administration. The first administration of side effects may have a fever, usually occurs 2-3 hours after administration and is maintained for about 1 hour. Someone gives intravenous hydrocortisone at the beginning of the injection. Serious side effects include delirium, hypotension, wheezing and hypochlorhydria. Kidney damage is the most serious