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为了解新生儿破伤风 (NT)的发生原因 ,对陕西省 1999～ 2 0 0 2年NT的监测资料进行了流行病学分析。结果显示 :NT发病率波动在 0 11‰～ 0 18‰ ,发病率≥ 1‰的县有 2～ 8个 ,病死率为 10 4 %～ 2 6 7%,居甲、乙类传染病 2～ 4位。全年均有病例发生 ,以男性为多 ,发病日龄平均 6d。NT病例中在家分娩的占 82 5 %～ 95 1%,其中接生员未接受过培训的占 4 2 1%～ 4 8 2 %;所有母亲几乎均未接种过破伤风类毒素 (TT)。在实施消除NT中 ,陕西省工作重点在商洛、安康等市的 18个县。提高孕妇自我保健意识 ,去卫生条件好的医院分娩 ,对高危人群接种TT ,加强新法接生培训 ,是消除NT的基本措施。提高医务人员NT报告意识和流行病监测人员的责任心 ,是提高监测质量的关键。
In order to understand the causes of neonatal tetanus (NT), the epidemiological analysis of NT surveillance data from 1999 to 2002 in Shaanxi Province was conducted. The results showed that the incidence of NT fluctuated between 0 11 ‰ and 0 18 ‰, the incidence of ≥ 1 ‰ in the county there are 2 to 8, the mortality rate of 10 4% ~ 267%, a, B infectious diseases 2 ~ 4. There are cases all year round, mostly men, the average age of onset 6d. Of the NT cases, 82.5% -95.1% were delivered at home, 42.5% of whom were not trained, and almost all mothers did not have tetanus toxoid (TT). In the implementation of the elimination of NT, Shaanxi Province, the focus of work in Shangluo, Ankang and other cities in 18 counties. Improve pregnant women’s awareness of self-care, go to hospitals in good health conditions of childbirth, high-risk population vaccination TT, strengthening the new law delivery training is to eliminate NT’s basic measures. Increasing NT staff awareness and the responsibility of epidemiological monitors is the key to improving the quality of monitoring.