明清时期,由于农产品的商业化及传统手工业的兴盛,私人资本一度坐大明朝时的商业集团,富可敌国,比如晋商、徽商,资本雄厚,以后数个世纪中,中国的商业和市场由他们操纵清朝乾隆时,扬州100余家晋、徽盐商,资本总额达白银7000-8000万两,这个数字超出了当时清朝的国库存银。至 In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the commercialization of agricultural products and the flourishing of traditional handicrafts, private capital once occupied the commercial group of the Ming dynasty, rich and powerful such as Shanxi merchants and Huizhou merchants, and abundant capital. In the following centuries, China’s commercial and When the market manipulated the Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, more than 100 Jin and Hui salt merchants in Yangzhou had a total capital of 7,000-8,000 taels of silver, surpassing the state treasury deposit of the Qing Dynasty. to