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水稻是基因组最小的禾谷类作物，饱和遗传连锁图谱的构建，以及在此基础上开展的标记辅助选择和抗病基因克隆，表明水稻基因组研究已经领先于其他禾谷类作物。比较基因组研究表明：小麦、玉米、高粱、谷子和甘蔗的基因组均可由水稻染色体区段重新排列而成，这些区段上ＤＮＡ标记的排列顺序在各个种之间保留。各种作物基因组大小的差异可能由于各个区段内基因间重复顺序扩增的程度不同所致。根据这些区段在各种作物染色体的排列顺序，有人提出根据水稻染色体区段排列单个原始禾谷类染色体的设想，为深入研究禾谷类作物的进化遗传提出了全新的思路。禾谷类作物基因组之间的共线性有利于在小基因组内克隆大基因组作物的同源基因，使生物技术在作物育种中发挥更大的作用
Rice is the smallest cereal crop in the genome. The construction of a saturated genetic linkage map and marker-assisted selection and cloning of disease-resistance genes based on the results indicate that rice genome research has led the way in other cereal crops. Comparative genomics studies have shown that the genomes of wheat, maize, sorghum, millet and sugarcane are all rearranged by the chromosomal segments of rice, and the sequence of DNA markers on these segments remains between species. Differences in the size of the various crop genomes may be due to the degree of duplication between the genes in each segment to varying degrees. According to the order in which these crops are arranged in various crops, it was suggested that the idea of arranging individual primordial cereal chromosomes according to rice chromosome segments was put forward, providing a new idea for further research on the evolutionary inheritance of cereals. The colinearity between the cereal crop genomes facilitates the cloning of homologous genes for large genomic crops within the minigenome, allowing biotechnology to play a greater role in crop breeding