战后日本在“贸易立国”的基本国策之下,逐渐地形成了异于他国的加工贸易型进、出口结构。其基本特征是:进口粗原料、矿物性燃料等初级产品,出口工业制成品。这种贸易结构无疑是非常有利可图的。然而在实际国际贸易中,形成这种贸易结构的国家并不多见,即使有,也不如日本典型。为何日本做到了这一点,并使这一结构特征保持了很长时期?显然,这是值得探讨的。本文拟从日本加工贸易型结构的一个侧面——原、燃料主导型进口结构入手,探寻其所以形成的主要因素。对于明治维新以来立志追赶并跻身发 After the war, under the basic national policy of “establishing a country based on trade,” Japan gradually formed an import and export structure of processing trade different from that of other countries. Its basic features are: the import of crude raw materials, mineral fuels and other primary products, exports of industrial products. This trade structure is undoubtedly very profitable. However, in actual international trade, the countries that form such a trade structure are rare, if any, and not as good as the Japanese typical. Why did Japan do this and kept this structural feature for a long time? Obviously, this is worth exploring. This article intends to start with one side of the Japanese processing trade structure - the original fuel-led import structure and explore the main factors that form it. Since the Meiji Restoration determined to catch up and become one of the hair