日益严重的抗生素抗药性是卫生保健领域产品外延性的一个例子 ,但是在经济学评价中尚未引起注意。本文讨论了这种外延性对个人健康和卫生保健费用带来的影响 ,并简要讨论了近期一些研究的结果 ,以及不能期望用经济学评价来解释健康产品外延性的原因。本文还提出了三种可用于解决抗生素外延性的措施 :制定相应的法律条文、许可证制度和收费。尽管没有现成的解决方法 ,但是对医生实行药物预算与职业许可证相结合却似乎是解决这种外延性的最有前景的方法 ,要在这一领域建立一个具体的、有效的许可证使用系统还需要进一步的研究 Increasing antibiotic resistance is an example of product ductility in health care, but has not received much attention in economic evaluation. This article discusses the impact of such delineation on personal and health care costs and briefly discusses the results of some recent studies and the inability to expect economic justification to explain the reason for the ductility of health products. This article also presents three measures that can be used to address the extension of antibiotics: the development of appropriate legal provisions, licensing systems and fees. Although there is no readily available solution, the combination of medical budgeting and occupational licensing for physicians appears to be the most promising way to address this extension and to establish a specific and effective system of licensing in this area Still need further research