清代甘肃的地方志中收录了成千上万个夫死守节的寡妇。由于天灾战乱连连、旌表措施不到位和福利制度不完善等原因,处于中下层社会的寡妇们不仅要为了养老抚孤、维系生计付出艰辛的劳动,同时还要忍受来自家庭与社会的各种压力。 The local chronicles in Gansu in the Qing Dynasty contain thousands of widowers who devoted themselves to death. Because of natural disasters and war chaos, lack of effective measures and imperfect welfare system, widows in the middle and lower classes should not only exert painstaking efforts to support themselves and their livelihood, but also endure various pressures from the family and society .