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同光时期,如何安置和消化数量庞大的军功人员是一个重大的政治和社会问题,“归标学习”即为重要举措之一。“归标学习”一方面通过对军功人员进行考课,并根据考课成绩的好坏,决定补缺的先后次序,对延缓候补时间,疏通拥挤不堪的绿营官场起了重要作用。同时加强了对军功候补人员的管理,储备了一定数量的军事人才,使晚清在历次对外用兵时,能够迅速组建勇营武装,应对变局。但是“归标学习”目的的多重性,内容的落后性,决定了“归标学习”实际上只是一种对军营保举人员敷衍举措,不能培养出具有当代军事素养和技能的人才。
In the same period, how to resettle and digest a large number of militiamen is a major political and social issue. One of the important measures is “learning by reference”. On the one hand, through the examination of military personnel, and according to the test scores, the order of filling the vacancies is decided, which plays an important role in delaying the waiting time and dredging the overcrowded green camp. At the same time, it has strengthened the management of military alternate personnel and reserved a certain amount of military personnel, enabling the late Qing forces to quickly form armed armies and respond to changes in the armed forces during the previous foreign military exercises. However, the multiplicity and backwardness of the purpose of “learning from the mark” determine that the learning of the “marked learning” is actually a kind of act that encourages personnel in the military camp to perfunctize themselves and can not train qualified personnel with contemporary military accomplishments and skills .