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本文从四个角度(即社会情感、精英培养、成熟公民和政治领袖)分析了儒家仁政的基本思路和具体做法,认为这四个方面其实就是儒家仁政的四大支柱。社会情感是连接人际关系的基本纽带,包括诚、孝、信、尊。因此,儒家仁政是以亲情为基础的。精英培养涉及社会的主导群体之形成过程(以修身养性为途径);成熟公民则涉及全体社会成员的形成机制(以五常为礼教)。当然,对于一个社会而言,政治领袖的产生机制十分重要。儒家仁政在最高政治领袖之产生问题上未能提供全备的解决方案,但在次级官员的任命问题上提供了行之有效的科举制。本文认为,儒家仁政是一种责任政治。
This article analyzes the basic ideas and concrete practices of Confucian benevolent government from four perspectives (ie, social emotion, elite cultivation, mature citizens and political leaders), and considers these four aspects as the four pillars of Confucian benevolent government. Social emotion is the basic link connecting people, including honesty, filial piety, faith and respect. Therefore, Confucian benevolence is based on affection. The elite cultivates the formation process of the leading groups involving the society (through self-cultivation); mature citizens refer to the formation mechanism of all members of the society (with the etiquette as the etiquette). Of course, for a society, the formation of political leaders is very important. The Confucian benevolent administration failed to provide a full solution to the issue of the top political leaders, but it provided a well-established system of examinations on the appointment of junior officials. This article argues that Confucian benevolence is a kind of responsible politics.