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[目的]比较2004年和2008年上海市青少年肥胖相关行为的发生情况和分布特征,为开展干预和完善青少年健康相关危险行为监测系统提供依据。[方法]采取多阶段随机抽样的方法。2004年10月至12月调查上海101所学校的初一至大四学生共12665名,2008年4月至6月,调查上海43所学校的初一至大四学生共11782名,进行健康相关行为问卷调查。采用不记名方式填写问卷,经逻辑检错后分析有效问卷。用卡方和趋势卡方分析年份和男、女行为发生率的不同,以及行为随年龄变化的趋势。[结果]相对于2004年,学生在2008年每天喝汽水饮料、每周吃西式快餐、擅自吃药减肥等行为方面发生率有所下降,而没有每天吃早餐、用减食和禁食来减肥的有所增多,两年调查的结果差异有统计学意义。学生通过锻炼来减肥和控制体重的比例在2008年有较大的提高,由2004年的21.0%提高到2008年的56.8%。除了2008年的数据中没有每天吃早餐这个行为在男生和女生中无明显差异之外,其他的危险行为在不同性别中分布有差异,差异有统计学意义。采取不良方式减肥或控制体重的人当中女生高于男生,两次调查的结果基本一致。2008年不良减肥行为发生率(28.0%)高于2004年(18.1%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=335.306,P=0.000)。[结论]上海市青少年在与肥胖相关的饮食方面的危险行为发生率比较高,不同年龄阶段男、女生肥胖相关行为发生有所不同。不良减肥行为发生率的升高,提示青少年不良减肥行为值得关注。
[Objective] To compare the incidence and distribution of obesity-related behaviors among adolescents in Shanghai in 2004 and 2008, and provide the basis for intervention and improvement of adolescent health-related risk behavior monitoring system. [Methods] A multi-stage random sampling method was adopted. From October to December 2004, 12665 students from 101 schools in Shanghai were surveyed. From April to June 2008, a total of 11782 students from 43 schools in Shanghai were surveyed to conduct a health-related behavioral questionnaire survey. Use anonymous form to fill in the questionnaire, after the logical error analysis of valid questionnaires. Chi- square and trend chi-square analysis of the year and the difference between male and female behavior, as well as behavioral changes with age trends. [Results] Compared with 2004, the students drink soda drink every day in 2008, eat Western fast food every week, take medicine to lose weight and other acts of the incidence declined, but not every day to eat breakfast, eat less and fasting to lose weight The difference between the two-year survey was statistically significant. The proportion of students exercising to lose weight and control their weight increased significantly in 2008 from 21.0% in 2004 to 56.8% in 2008. Except for the absence of daily breakfast in the 2008 data, there was no significant difference between boys and girls. Other risky behaviors were distributed in different genders and the difference was statistically significant. The number of girls taking bad diet or weight control was higher than that of boys, and the results of the two surveys were basically the same. The incidence of adverse weight loss in 2008 was 28.0% higher than in 2004 (18.1%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 335.306, P = 0.000). [Conclusion] The incidence of risk behaviors of obesity-related diet among adolescents in Shanghai is relatively high. Obesity-related behaviors of males and females in different age groups are different. The incidence of bad weight-bearing behavior increases, suggesting that bad behavior of young people is worth attention.