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目的了解澳门小学生近视现况以及影响其近视的主要危险因素,为制订预防近视的相关措施提供参考依据。方法应用分层整群抽样方法,抽取澳门14所小学学生2492名,对所抽取的小学生进行视力检查和危险因素的问卷调查。结果澳门小学生近视患病率为60.4%,轻度近视的构成比为75.9%。女生近视率(63.3%)高于男生(58.0%),高年级学生近视率(69.2%)高于低年级学生(49.0%),中国籍学生近视率(61.9%)高于非中国籍学生(43.6%);“阅读1h没有休息10min”和“每年不进行视力检查”是近视的危险因素。结论澳门小学生近视率较高,以轻度近视为主,影响近视主要原因为外在因素。
Objective To understand the status of myopia and the main risk factors that affect myopia in Macao pupils, and provide a reference for the development of measures to prevent myopia. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to extract 2492 primary school students in Macao from 1492 students. Visual acuity tests and risk factors of the primary school students were investigated. Results The prevalence of myopia in Macao pupils was 60.4%, while that of mild myopia was 75.9%. The myopia rate of girls was higher than that of boys (63.3%) (58.0%), that of senior students was 69.2% (49.0%), that of Chinese students was 61.9%, higher than that of non-Chinese students 43.6%); “Reading 1h without rest 10min ” and “Every year without visual acuity ” is a risk factor for myopia. Conclusions The myopia rate of primary school students in Macao is high, with mild myopia predominating. The main causes of myopia are external factors.