论文部分内容阅读
教学活动是以语言行为为主的过程,然而,非语言行为是语言行为有效的辅助。非语言行为具有以下特点:一是伴随辅助性。非语言行为往往是伴随语言行为而产生的,它辅助语言行为的表达,使语言行为因为它的辅助而大放异彩。同时,非语言行为自身也在辅助语言行为的过程中获得了意义和活力。二是自然真实性。人们在运用语言行为时,常常为某些目的而口是心非,使语言具有极大的欺骗性、隐蔽性。但非语言行为在一般情况下则是自然真实的。也就是说,非语言行为更能够真实地反映人的内心世界。这是因为非语言行为是人的内心意识或潜意识的一种反映,人的内心情感和思想的变化都会通过一些人类尚不能控制的生理活动反映出来。三是替代性。非语言行为在某些特定的情景下,可以脱离语言行为而独立存在,行使自己传递信息、交流感情的功能。正如非语言行为研究的先驱欧文·戈夫曼所指出的那样“:尽管一个人可以停止说话,但他不能停止身体习惯动作的传播。”例如,当一个学生走近你时,虽然他没有说话,但你却能凭借对他的非语言行为的理解,知道他对你的态度是厌恶还是喜欢,是冷漠还是关注。
Teaching activities are based on language behavior. However, non-verbal behavior is an effective aid to language behavior. Non-verbal behavior has the following characteristics: First, it is accompanied by assistance. Non-verbal behavior is often accompanied by linguistic behavior. It assists in the expression of linguistic behavior and makes linguistic behavior shine with its help. At the same time, non-verbal behaviors themselves have gained meaning and vitality in the process of assistive language behavior. The second is natural authenticity. When people use language activities, they often use their words and deeds for certain purposes, making the language extremely deceitful and invisible. However, non-verbal behavior is naturally natural under normal circumstances. In other words, non-verbal behavior can more truly reflect the human inner world. This is because non-verbal behavior is a reflection of human inner consciousness or subconsciousness. Changes in human inner feelings and thoughts are reflected in some physiological activities that humans cannot control. The third is alternative. Non-language behaviors can exist independently from language behavior under certain specific circumstances, and they can use their own functions of transmitting information and communicating emotions. As Owen Goffman, a pioneer of non-verbal behavior research, points out: “Although one person can stop speaking, he cannot stop the spread of physical movements.” For example, when a student approaches you, although he No speaking, but you can rely on his understanding of his nonverbal behavior to know whether his attitude toward you is disliked or liked, indifferent or concerned.