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本文考察了21世纪以来惠特曼研究的成果与主流发展趋势,侧重评述了几部有影响的专著,包括《重写惠特曼》。文章首先概述了20世纪70年代后惠特曼研究的发展状况,解读对惠特曼的研究与社会历史和文化的关联,并着重阐释了美国的惠特曼研究者缘何坚持不懈努力研究这位诗人,将其推崇为民族诗人,希望通过他来展现美国的民族个性与想象力。本文认为:除了惠特曼的诗歌及其具有远见卓识思想自身所拥有的价值和意义,美国惠特曼研究中的意识形态因素也促使惠特曼在21世纪的地位与使命不断得以重视。
This article examines the results and mainstream trends in Whitman research since the 21 st century, highlighting several influential monographs, including “Replacing Whitman.” The article begins with an overview of the development of Whitman studies since the 1970s, the study of Whitman’s association with social history and culture, and highlights why Whitman researchers in the United States persevere in their efforts to study this Poet, praised it as a national poet, hoping to show him through the United States national personality and imagination. This paper argues that besides Whitman’s poetry and the value and significance of his visionary thinking itself, the ideological factors in Whitman’s study in the United States also prompted Whitman to pay more attention to his position and mission in the 21st century.