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目的探讨该地区学龄前儿童喘息性疾病与呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、腺病毒(Adv)、副流感病毒感染的相关性。方法选取2012年10月-2014年10月期间西安市中心医院收治的学龄前喘息性疾病患儿407例,入院2 d内收集鼻咽分泌物,分别采用直接免疫荧光法、RT-PCR法、实时定量PCR法进行病原学检查。结果共检出RSV、Adv、副流感病毒187例,占45.94%;其中RSV检出率最高为28.51%。该地区学龄前儿童RSV流行集中于春季和冬季,Adv流行集中于春季,副流感病毒流行集中于夏季。RSV在年龄<6个月、毛细支气管炎、中度喘息的学龄前患儿中感染率最高;Adv在年龄1~3岁、喘息性支气管肺炎、轻度和中度喘息的学龄前患儿中感染率最高;副流感病毒感染与年龄、症状、喘息严重程度之间无明显关联。结论RSV目前仍为该地区诱发学龄前儿童喘息性疾病的主要病毒;Adv感染亦占据较大比例,且与年龄、症状、喘息严重程度有一定相关性。
Objective To investigate the relationship between asthmatic diseases and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (Adv) and parainfluenza virus infection in preschool children in this area. Methods A total of 407 children with preschool wheezing and obstructive asthma admitted to Xi’an Central Hospital from October 2012 to October 2014 were enrolled in this study. Nasopharyngeal secretions were collected within 2 days after admission. The immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, Real-time quantitative PCR method for etiological examination. Results A total of 187 cases of RSV, Adv and parainfluenza virus were detected, accounting for 45.94%. The highest detection rate of RSV was 28.51%. Prevalence of RSV in preschool children in the area concentrated in spring and winter, Adv epidemic concentrated in the spring, parainfluenza virus epidemic concentrated in the summer. RSV had the highest infection rate in pre-school children younger than 6 months, with bronchiolitis and moderate wheeze. In children with preschool age of 1-3 years old, asthmatic bronchopneumonia, mild and moderate wheezing, Adv The highest infection rate; no significant correlation between parainfluenza virus infection and age, symptoms, severity of wheezing. Conclusions RSV is still the major virus inducing asthmatic disease in preschool children in this area. Adv infection also occupy a large proportion, and it is related to the age, symptoms and severity of wheezing.