人们在从事科学观察和实验过程中,常常会迂到这样的情况:按预定计划,本来想研究某一现象A,但在采取某种操作或措施后却意外地发现了另一现象B。这种在观察和实验中偶然出现的意外现象,人们称之为机迂。如何认识和利用机迂现象,这是自然科学方法论的一个主要课题。 In the process of scientific observation and experimentation, people often go through the situation where they want to study a certain phenomenon A according to a predetermined plan, but discover another phenomenon B unexpectedly after taking some operation or measure. This accidental phenomenon in observation and experiment, which people call mechanistic. How to understand and use the phenomenon of machineries is a major issue of the natural science methodology.