目的探讨宫内感染对早产新生大鼠脑损伤的影响及程度。方法妊娠18 d孕鼠随机分为对照组、感染1组和感染2组。宫内感染组大鼠予以不同剂量脂多糖(感染1组予0.3 mg·kg-1,感染2组予0.6 mg·kg-1)腹腔内注射,对照组按同样方法注射0.3 mg·kg-19 g·L-1盐水。24 h后处死大鼠,取胎盘组织行HE染色观察其病理变化;余孕鼠继续怀孕至分娩,待新生早产鼠5日龄时取其大脑,免疫组织化学法检测神经胶质酸性蛋白(GFAP)、髓磷脂碱性蛋白(MBP)表达情况。结果与对照组比较,宫内感染组孕鼠胎盘组织可见炎性白细胞浸润、血管充血等病理改变。对照组、感染1组及感染2组脑组织GFAP灰度值分别为114.530±3.706、107.440±4.169、100.930±3.291,感染1组、感染2组显著低于对照组(Pa<0.05),感染2组均显著低于感染1组(P<0.05)。对照组、感染1组及感染2组脑组织MBP灰度值分别为127.580±3.350、134.290±3.533、141.430±3.352,感染1组、感染2组显著高于对照组,感染2组显著高于感染1组(Pa<0.05)。结论宫内感染可使早产新生大鼠脑组织GFAP表达增加,MBP表达减少,且感染程度越重,GFAP和MBP的表达受影响越重,可能影响早产新生大鼠髓鞘的形成。 Objective To investigate the effect and degree of intrauterine infection on brain injury in premature newborn rats. Methods Pregnant mice at 18 d of gestation were randomly divided into control group, infection group 1 and infection group 2. Rats in intrauterine infection group were injected intraperitoneally with different doses of lipopolysaccharide (0.3 mg · kg-1 in infected group 1 and 0.6 mg · kg-1 in infected group 2), while the control group received intraperitoneal injection of 0.3 mg · kg-19 g · L-1 brine. Twenty-four hours later, the rats were sacrificed and the placenta tissues were removed for HE staining to observe the pathological changes. The remaining pregnant rats continued to be pregnant until delivery. The brains were taken at 5 days of premature neonatal rats. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect glial acidic protein ), Myelin basic protein (MBP) expression. Results Compared with the control group, placental tissue of pregnant women with intrauterine infection showed pathological changes such as inflammatory leukocyte infiltration and vascular congestion. The gray value of GFAP in control group, infection group 1 and infection group 2 were 114.530 ± 3.706,107.440 ± 4.169 and 100.930 ± 3.291, respectively. The infection in group 1 was significantly lower than that in control group (P <0.05) Group were significantly lower than infected group 1 (P <0.05). The gray value of MBP in the control group, infected group 1 and infected group 2 were 127.580 ± 3.350, 134.290 ± 3.533 and 141.430 ± 3.352, respectively. The infection group 1 and group 2 were significantly higher than those in the control group. The infection group 2 was significantly higher than the infection group 1 group (Pa <0.05). Conclusion Intrauterine infection can increase the expression of GFAP and decrease the expression of MBP in the brain tissue of premature neonatal rats, and the more severe the infection, the more severe the expression of GFAP and MBP, which may affect the formation of myelin in preterm neonatal rats.