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关于语用预设,学术界有不同解释和理解,但概括起来,主要有三种观点:一是从说话人的态度出发,把预设定义为认为某事物自然为真的一种命题态度;二是从言语交际功能出发,把预设看作交际双方的共有知识,或话语的背景信息;三是从言语行为的角度出发,把预设看作实施有效言语行为的适切性条件。这些定义都体现了语用预设的两个特性:共知性和适合性。
The pragmatic presupposition has different interpretations and understandings in academic circles. However, in summary, there are mainly three kinds of views: First, from the speaker’s attitude, the presupposition is defined as a propositional attitude of thinking that something is true; It starts with the function of verbal communication and regards the preset as the common knowledge of both parties in the communication or the background information of the speech. Thirdly, from the perspective of speech act, the preset is regarded as the appropriate condition for implementing effective speech act. These definitions both reflect the two characteristics of pragmatic presupposition: common understanding and suitability.