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明清中国商贸网络的特点:第一,贸易路线作为商品流通的载体,十分庞大,是秦王车同轨以来整个封建时代的长期产物。经过先人两千多年的不断筛选和修治,到了清代,这一交通体系已经达到了封建时代可能达到的最为完美的状态。加之,明清以来,沿海运路的开辟与发展,与内地江河、陆路相联系,使原本的交通体系更完善,是史无前例的。第二,明清商品流通的品种增多,商品量扩大,在商品结构上与前有所不同,这里从不同的牙行名称来说明。据雍正《北新关志》中记载,长距离流通的商品,明代主要有丝、棉花、棉布、苎麻、米麦、豆、铁锅、靛青、纸、生漆、糖等。清代前期除了仍有这些商品之外,还增加了如:网、田炭、犁头铁、芦箬、三楞草、包茶箬、包茶纸、车心木、桕子车、烟叶、花饼、蒲包、石炭、桕油、棕、煤、铁钉、豆饼等商品。①清代前期增加的品种,主要是一些生产资料、各类包装用料、运输工具的零件,这些商品的增加,生产发展和商品长距离流通的需求相适应,也从另一侧面说明商品流通的扩大。
Ming and Qing China’s business network features: First, the trade route as a carrier of goods circulation, very large, is the long-term product of the entire feudal era of Qin Wang cars together. After more than two thousand years of ancestors’ continuous screening and repair, by the Qing Dynasty, the traffic system had reached the most perfect state that the feudal era might reach. In addition, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the opening up and development of the coastal transport routes have been linked with the rivers and land of the Mainland to make the original transport system more perfect and unprecedented. Second, in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the variety of commodities in circulation increased, the quantity of commodities expanded, and the commodity structure differed from the previous one, which is illustrated by the names of different dental lines. According to the records of Yongzheng “Beixinuanzhi”, the commodities circulating in long distance mainly include silk, cotton, cotton, ramie, rice, beans, wok, indigo, paper, raw lacquer and sugar in the Ming Dynasty. In addition to these commodities in the early period of the Qing Dynasty, such as: nets, charcoal, plowshare, reed, sable grass, tea bags, tea bags, car heartwood, shuttlecock, tobacco, Flower, purse, charcoal, soy sauce, brown, coal, nails, bean cake and other goods. ① The increased varieties in the early Qing Dynasty mainly consisted of some means of production, various types of packing materials and parts of transportation tools, which were compatible with the demand for long-distance circulation of production and development of commodities as well as the circulation of commodities from the other side The expansion.