以美国麻省理工学院教授彼得·圣吉为代表的西方学者,吸收东西方管理文化的精髓,提出了以“五项修炼”为基础的学习型组织理念。彼得-圣吉于1990年发表的《第五项修炼》论述了创建“学习型组织”是一个组织21世纪的成功关键。学习型组织具有下面的几个特征:组织成员拥有一个共同的愿景;组织由多个创造性个体组成;善于不断学习;“地方为主”的扁平式结构;自主管理。“自主管理”是使组织 Western scholars represented by Peter Sanki, a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, absorbed the essence of the East-West management culture and proposed the concept of a learning organization based on the “Five Practices”. Pieter-St. Kyng's Fifth Cultivation, published in 1990, discusses the creation of a “learning organization” as the key to success in organizing the 21st century. Learning organization has the following characteristics: Organizational members have a common vision; organization consists of a number of creative individuals; good at continuous learning; “local-based” flat structure; self-management. “Self-management” is to make the organization