Objective: To observe and evaluate the therapeutic effect of anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) chemicals and Compound Astragalus Capsule (CAC) in combinedly treating drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (DR-TB). Methods: Ninety-two patients with DR-TB were equally randomized into the treated group (treated with combination therapy) and the control group (treated with anti-TB chemicals alone). The therapeutic course for both groups was 18 months. Therapeutic effects between the two groups were compared at the end of the therapeutic course. Sputum bacterial negative rate, focal absorption effective rate, cavity closing rate, 10-day symptom improving rate, the incidence of adverse reaction and 2-year bacteriological recurrence rate between the two groups were compared. Results: In the treated group, the sputum bacterial negative conversion rate was 84. 8%, focal absorption effective rate 91.3 %, cavity closing rate 58. 7 % and 10-day symptom improving rate 54.4%, while in the control group, the corresponding rates were 65.2%,73.9 %, 37. 0% and 26.1%, respectively. Comparison between the groups showed significant difference in all the parameters ( P＜0.05, P＜0.05, P＜0.05 and P＜0.01 ). The incidence of adverse reaction and 2year bacteriological recurrence rate in the treated group were 23.9 % and 2.6 % respectively, while those in the control group 50.0% and 16.7%, which were higher than the former group with significant difference ( P＜0.01 and P＜0.05, respectively). Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of combined treatment with antiTB and CAC is superior to that of treatment with anti-TB chemicals alone, and the Chinese herbal medicine showed an adverse reaction alleviating effect, which provides a new therapy for DR-TB, and therefore, it is worth spreading in clinical practice.