论文部分内容阅读
目的:分析比较高乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus，HBV)载量孕妇妊娠中晚期应用替比夫定或富马酸替诺福韦酯(tenofovir disoproxil fumarate，TDF)抗病毒治疗的效果。方法:纳入2016年1月1日至2018年12月31日于南京中医药大学附属南京医院产科门诊进行产前检查发现为慢性HBV感染，并在妊娠中晚期进行抗病毒治疗的506例孕妇，回顾性分析其抗病毒治疗效果和母儿安全性。根据服用药物分为TDF组和替比夫定组。比较两组治疗期间的HBV DNA下降程度及转阴率、HBV母婴传播率、肝功能复常率，新生儿出生体质量、出生缺陷，以及早产率等。统计学分析采用n χ2检验、独立样本n t检验或秩和检验。n 结果:替比夫定组为239例，TDF组为267例，两组孕妇治疗前HBV DNA分别为(7.83±0.75) lg IU/mL和(7.82±0.66) lg IU/mL；分娩前两组的HBV DNA分别为2.91(1.20) lg IU/mL和2.83(1.01) lg IU/mL，两组中慢性乙型肝炎(chronic hepatitis B, CHB)孕妇的丙氨酸转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)复常率分别为95.00%(38/40)和98.18%(54/55)，差异均无统计学意义(n t＝0.097, n U＝1.040, n χ2＝0.767,均n P>0.05)。TDF组和替比夫定组CHB孕妇产后1个月的HBV DNA转阴率分别为85.45%(47/55)和82.50%(33/40)，ALT复常率分别为94.55%(52/55)和92.50%(37/40)，两组间差异均无统计学意义(n χ2＝0.152、0.164，n P＝0.697、0.687)。替比夫定组和TDF组HBV母婴传播率分别为0.43%(1/231)和0(0/262)，差异无统计学意义(n χ2＝1.127，n P＝0.288)。替比夫定组产后选择继续服药患者中，2例于产后11个月HBV P区rt204位点出现耐药突变，改为TDF治疗；而TDF组未发现病毒反弹和变异。替比夫定组无明显肌酸激酶升高，TDF组无明显钙磷代谢异常。TDF组与替比夫定组之间早产率差异无统计学意义[7.87%(21/267)比4.18%(10/239), n χ2＝2.970, n P＝0.085]。TDF组新生儿出生体质量为(3 204.72±490.50) g，低于替比夫定组的(3 374.31±467.50) g，差异有统计学意义(n t＝3.780，n P0.05). For CHB pregnant women, the HBV DNA negative rate at one month postpartum in TDF group was 85.45%(47/55) and that in LDT group was 82.50%(33/40). The normalization rate of ALT in TDF group was 94.55%(52/55), and that in LDT group was 92.50%(37/40). There were no significant differences between the two groups (n χ2=0.152 and 0.164, respectively, n P=0.697 and 0.687, respectively). The VT rates were 0(0/262) in TDF group and 0.43%(1/231) in LDT group, which had no significant difference between the two groups (n χ2=1.127, n P=0.288). Two patients in LDT group who continued taking LDT 11 months postpartum switched to TDF because of HBV rt204 mutation, and no one had virus mutation in TDF group. No significant increased in creatine kinase in LDT group, and no significant abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the TDF group. The preterm rate was 7.87%(21/267) in TDF group and 4.18%(10/239) in LDT group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (n χ2=2.970, n P=0.085). However, the birth weight of neonates in TDF group ((3 204.72±490.50) g) was lower than that in LDT group ((3 374.31±467.50) g), and the difference was statistically significant (n t=3.780, n P<0.01). During the course of treatment, no pregnant women discontinued treatment due to drug intolerance, and no infants presented with drug-related birth defects. Safeties for mothers and neonates were both good.n Conclusions:Both LDT and TDF treatment could reduce the VT rate in pregnant women with high HBV viral load. The safety is good for both mothers and neonates. However, for CHB pregnant women who continue antiviral therapy postpartum, TDF is superior to LDT because of lower virus mutation, thus to reduce the risk of drug resistance.