一、高龄者的脑血管疾病高血压性脑出血及穿通枝脑梗塞,主要由脑实质深部小动脉(穿通枝)的血管坏死所致。脑主干动脉及其分枝(皮质枝)的粥样硬化和血栓栓塞是导致皮质枝脑梗塞的原因。高血压更多影响的是穿通枝动脉,而皮质枝动脉则易受脂质代谢异常的影响,另外,糖尿病及吸烟也是脑梗塞的主要危险因素。欧美各国从来都是冠状动脉疾病多于脑血管病,且脑血管病中脑出血少,而脑梗塞特别是皮质枝梗塞较多。相反,日本一直是脑出血 First, the elderly of cerebrovascular disease hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and perforating branches of the brain infarction, mainly by the deep parenchyma of the brain parenchyma (through the branches) of vascular necrosis. Atherosclerosis and thromboembolism in the main artery of the brain and its branches (cortical branches) are responsible for cerebral infarction in the cortex. Hypertension is more affected by perforating the branch artery, while the cortical branch artery is susceptible to abnormal lipid metabolism. In addition, diabetes and smoking are also major risk factors for cerebral infarction. Europe and the United States has always been coronary artery disease more than cerebrovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and less cerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral infarction, especially cortical branch infarction more. In contrast, Japan has been cerebral hemorrhage