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为明确牡山羊草细胞质雄性不育小麦的染色体组成及雄性败育特点,采用分子标记技术和酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对牡山羊草细胞质雄性不育小麦是否含有1BL/1RS易位染色体进行了鉴定。另外,为揭示牡山羊草细胞质雄性不育小麦败育发生的时期和败育的细胞学机理,以牡山羊草细胞质雄性不育小麦(Ju87B1-706A)和其同型保持系(706B)为供试材料,采用I2-K染色、醋酸洋红染色、DAPI染色和石蜡切片法对其花药形态特征及小孢子形成和发育过程进行细胞学观察。结果表明:Ju87B1-706A具有黑麦1RS的特异扩增条带(1 500bp),但缺少1BS的特异扩增条带(220bp),与其在A-PAGE结果的ω区与黑麦特异蛋白谱带的结果相对应,从而说明牡山羊草细胞质雄性不育小麦Ju87B1-706A为1BL/1RS雄性不育小麦类型;I2-K染色说明Ju87B1-706A的败育类型为典败和染败;Ju87B1-706A能正常进行减数分裂形成小孢子,到单核晚期时能形成正常的核但细胞皱缩,二核期细胞形态不规则能形成正常的精核但有些营养核不清晰,三核期精核呈圆形不能形成梭形的精核并发生部分空胞化;其单核晚期花药中绒毡层的延迟解离以及二核期三核期细胞团侵入药室造成小孢子败育,从而推测单核晚期是其雄性不育发生的关键时期,可能与绒毡层异常有关。
In order to make clear the chromosomal composition and male sterility of Cytoplasmically male sterile (CMS) plants of Mu ShanChina, whether the 1BL / 1RS translocation chromosome is contained in the cytoplasmic male sterile wheat of Acanthopanax seborrhiza is determined by molecular markers and acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis The identification. In addition, in order to reveal the time of abortion and abortive cytological mechanism of the cytoplasmic male sterile wheat, the experiment was conducted with Ju87B1-706A and its homozygous maintainer line (706B) Materials, the morphology of anther and microspore formation and development were observed by I2-K staining, magenta staining, DAPI staining and paraffin section. The results showed that Ju87B1-706A had a specific amplification band of 1 500 bp for rye 1RS but lacking a specific amplified band of 1 bp (220 bp), which was different from that of the rRNA-specific protein band The results showed that Ju87B1-706A was the male sterile type of 1BL / 1RS wheat; the results of I2-K staining showed that the abortion type of Ju87B1-706A was typical failure and defeat; Ju87B1-706A Normal meiosis can form microspores, which can form normal nucleus in the late stage of mononuclear cells, but the cell shrinks. The shape of irregular nuclei in nucleus stage can form normal nucleus, but some nuclei are unclear. A round shape can not form a fusiform sperm nucleus and some of the hollow cells; late monolayer anther tapes in the delayed dissociation of tapetum and the nuclear phase of the triad nucleus into the drug compartment caused microspore abortion, which is speculated that single Nuclear late stage is the key period of male infertility, which may be related to the abnormal tapetal.