元代磁州窑白地黑花器物之上出现较多的黑花装饰文字“金马玉堂三斈士”或“玉堂金马三斈士”诗句及“斈”字的写法,都具有比较鲜明的时代特征,为探索带有此类文字装饰器物的年代,提供了辅助鉴定的依据。一、磁州窑“金马玉堂三斈士”磁州窑,尤其是彭城窑以诗句装饰的白地黑花大罐、坛、四系瓶之上,常能看到“金马玉堂三斈士”或“玉堂金马三斈士”的文字装饰,而这些器物的年代大多为元代。这些器 In the Yuan Dynasty, there are more black flower decorative texts on the black flower objects of Cizhou BaiYiDai, such as “Three Majors of Jin Ma Yutang” or “The Three Majors of Yutang Jin Ma San” and “Learning” More distinctive features of the times, in order to explore the era with such text decorative objects, provides a basis for supporting the identification. First, the Cizhou kiln “Jinma Yutang three bachelor ” Cizhou kiln, especially Pengcheng kiln decorated with verse white black pot, altar, four-line bottle, can often see “Jin Ma Yutang three bachelor ”Or“ Yutang Golden Horse Bachelor ”text decoration, and most of these artifacts of the era for the Yuan Dynasty. These devices