学术界关于14世纪黑死病及其相关问题的探讨从未停止。虽然至今未能就黑死病本质达成共识,但是其作为欧洲变革催化剂的历史地位已基本确定。黑死病第二次大流行于1347年秋开始,1348年夏英格兰首次出现疫情,对宗教势力、劳工状态、艺术形式等方面产生了程度不一的影响:教会地位受到冲击,但仍主导精神世界;劳工日渐关注现实生活,由此引发1381年起义;艺术领域也呈现出形式多样化、绘画主题多元化、建筑形制本土化的特点。 Academics on the 14th century Black Death and its related issues never stopped. Although no agreement has been reached on the nature of the Black Death so far, its historical status as a catalyst for change in Europe has been basically established. The second pandemic of the Black Death began in the fall of 1347 and the first outbreak of the disease in England in the summer of 1348 produced varying degrees of influence on religious forces, labor conditions and the art form: the church was under attack but still dominated the spiritual world The workers are increasingly concerned about the real life, which led to the 1381 Uprising. The art field also shows the characteristics of diversification of forms, diversification of painting themes and localization of architectural forms.