耶尔森氏菌病(Yersiniosis,简称耶氏菌病,下同)是由小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌(Yersiniaenterocolitica,简称耶氏菌,下同)引起的一种传染病。耶氏菌广泛存在于自然环境、各种小野生哺乳动物,家禽家畜中,是一种人畜共患的病原微生物。六十年代前,耶氏菌主要从动物中分离到,认为它与动物病的流行有关。耶氏菌病也曾被称为动物性疾病、人兽共患疾病、自然疫源性疾病、腐生动物源病等。六十年代后,从人体内不断分离到耶氏菌,从而引起了细菌学、流行病学和临床工作者的注意,促进了对耶氏菌病的病原、流行病及临床等方面的 Yersiniosis (Yersiniosis, hereinafter referred to as Yersinia enterocolitica) is an infectious disease caused by Yersinia enterocolitica. Yersinia widespread in the natural environment, a variety of small wild mammals, poultry and livestock, is a zoonotic pathogenic microorganisms. Yersinia was isolated mainly from animals before the 1960s and considered to be related to the prevalence of animal diseases. Yersinia has also been called animal disease, zoonosis, natural foci of disease, saprophytic origin and so on. Since the 1960s, the continuous separation of Yersinia from the human body has drawn the attention of bacteriology, epidemiology and clinicians and has contributed to the etiological, epidemic and clinical aspects of Yersinia.