目的：为了搞好高原创伤感染防治，对西藏高原三种类型土壤进行细菌调查。方法：细菌计数采用倾注法，培养及菌种鉴定按常规方法进行；药敏试验采用纸片扩散法。结果：三种类型土壤中需氧菌与厌氧菌的菌量和菌种（属）构成比均有显著性差异，而不同海拔地区同类型土壤差异则不显著，菌量依次是耕土＞泥土＞沙土，菌种（属）差异主要是需氧芽胞杆菌、肠杆菌科细菌、肠球菌、气性坏疽菌群等构成比的改变。药敏试验提示，高原土壤中的需氧菌和厌氧菌对常用抗菌药物的敏感性较高。结论：三类土壤中黄沙土较清洁，细菌较少；路边泥土及耕土由于不同程度混有人畜粪便，有一定数量的条件致病菌及致病菌；早期创伤感染防治以采用庆大霉素、青霉素为宜。 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevention and treatment of traumatic infection in plateau, the bacteria in three types of soils in Tibet Plateau were investigated. Methods: The bacterial count was determined by perfusion method, culture and strain identification according to the routine method. The susceptibility test was performed by disk diffusion method. Results: The aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria in the three types of soils showed significant differences in the composition of bacteria and species (genus), while the differences were not significant in different types of soils at different altitudes. The order of soil bacteria was soil> soil > Sand, bacteria (genus) differences are mainly aerobic Bacillus, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, gas gangrene and other constituent ratio changes. Susceptibility tests suggest that aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in plateau soils are more susceptible to commonly used antibiotics. Conclusions: The yellow soil in the three types of soil is cleaner and has less bacteria. Because of the mixture of human and livestock excrement, the roadside soil and cultivated soil have a certain number of pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic bacteria. The prevention and treatment of early traumatic infection is based on Qingda Penicillin, penicillin is appropriate.