近代对辩证法的探讨是在对哲学基本问题讨论时引申出来的,我们可以透过主体和客体的关系问题来审视辩证法。康德是第一位比较系统的研究了这个问题的近代思想家。康德的辩证法以理性辩证法的样态而出场;费希特在考察了康德的辩证法思想后,指出了康德辩证法的缺陷并提出了自己的主体辩证法;而谢林又着重强调了客体方面,提出了他的客体辩证法。这些近代哲学家关于辩证法的思想研究,给黑格尔认识辩证法提供了理论资源。黑格尔正是在考察了整个德国古典哲学关于辩证法思想的研究上,提出了绝对理念的辩证法。把辩证法理论研究推上了新的高度。 The discussion of dialectics in modern times is extended when discussing the basic philosophical problems. We can examine the dialectics through the relation between subject and object. Kant is the first modern thinker who has studied this issue systematically. Kant’s dialectics appeared in the style of rational dialectics. After examining Kantian dialectics, Fichte pointed out the defects of Kant’s dialectics and proposed his own subjective dialectics; while Schelling emphasized the object and put forward His object dialectics. The study of these modern philosophers’ thinking on dialectics provides a theoretical resource for Hegel’s understanding of dialectics. Hegel just examined the whole study of the German classical philosophy on the dialectical thinking, put forward the dialectics of the absolute idea. Dialectics theory research to a new height.