Over the pastfive years,we have been making efforts to develop a practical and predic- tive tool to exploreforgiantore deposits in hydrothermal systems. Towards this goal,a sig- nificant progress has been made towards a better understanding of the basic physical and chemical processes behind ore body formation and mineralization in hydrothermal systems. On the scientific developmentside,we have developed analytical solutions to answerthe fol- lowing scientific questions:(1) Can thepore- fluid pressure gradientbemaintained atthe val- ue of the lithostaticpressure gradientin the uppercrustof the Earth?and(2 ) Can convective pore- fluid flow take place in the uppercrustof the Earth ifthere is a fluid/mass leakage from the mantle to the upper crustof the Earth?On the modelling developmentside,we have developed numerical methods to model the following problems:(1) convective pore- fluid flow in two- dimensional hydrothermal systems;(2 ) coupled reactive pore- fluid flow and multiple species transport in porous media;(3) precipitation and dissolution of minerals and rock al- teration in the upper crust of the Earth;(4 ) double diffusion driven reactive flow transport in deformable fluid- saturated porous media with particular consideration of temperature- de- pendentchemical reaction rates;(5 ) pore- fluid flow patterns neargeological lenses in hydro- dynamic and hydrothermal systems;(6 ) dissipative structures for nonequilibrium chemical reactions in fluid- saturated porousmedia;(7) convectivepore- fluid flow and the related min- eralization in three- dimensional hydrothermal systems;(8) fluid- rock interaction problems associated with the rock alteration and metamorphic process in fluid- saturated hydrothermal/ sedimentary basins;and (9) various aspects of the fully coupled problem involving material deformation,pore- fluid flow,heattransferand species transport/ chemical reactionsin pore- fluid saturated porous rock masses. The above- mentioned work has significantly enriched our knowledge about the physical and chemical processes related to ore body formation and mineralization in the upper crustof the Eart Over the pastfive years, we have been making efforts to develop a practical and predictable tool to explore forgiant of deposits in hydrothermal systems. Towards this goal, a sig- nificant progress has been made towards a better understanding of the basic physical and chemical processes behind On the scientific developmentside, we have developed analytical solutions to answerthe fol- lowing scientific questions: (1) Can thepore- fluid pressure gradientbemaintained atthe val- ue of the lithostaticpressure gradient in the uppercrustof the Earth? and (2) Can convective pore- fluid flow take place in the uppercrustof the Earth ifthere is a fluid / mass leakage from the mantle to the upper crustof the Earth? On the modeling developmentside, we have developed numerical methods to model the following problems :( 1) convective pore- fluid flow in two-dimensional hydrothermal systems; (2) coupled reactive pore-fluid flow and multipl e species transport in porous media; (3) precipitation and dissolution of minerals and rock altering in the upper crust of the earth; (4) double diffusion driven reactive flow transport in deformable fluid- saturated porous media with particular consideration of temperature- (5) pore-fluid flow patterns neargeological lenses in hydro-dynamic and hydrothermal systems; (6) dissipative structures for nonequilibrium chemical reactions in fluid-saturated porousmedia; (7) convectivepore- fluid flow and the related min - eralization in three-dimensional hydrothermal systems; (8) fluid-rock interaction problems associated with the rock alteration and metamorphic process in fluid-saturated hydrothermal / sedimentary basins; and (9) various aspects of the fully coupled problem involving material deformation, pore - fluid flow, heattransferand species transport / chemical reactionsin pore- fluid saturated porous rock masses. The above- mentioned workhas significantly enriched our knowledge about the physical and chemical processes related to ore body formation and mineralization in the upper crustof the Eart