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在我国云南省高等真菌中寻找新的天然农用抗真菌活性物质时,发现炭球菌子实体甲醇提取物具有较强的离体抗真菌活性。采用生物活性追踪和化学分离相结合的方法,从中分离得到2个具有较强农用抗真菌活性化合物,经红外、质谱、氢谱和碳谱确定其为L-696,474和cytochalasin D。在离体和活体条件下分别测定了L-696,474和cytochalasin D对10种植物病原菌的菌丝抑制率和2种植物病原菌的孢子萌发率,并评价了其对小麦白粉病的治疗和保护作用。结果表明:小麦纹枯病菌、油菜菌核病菌对L-696,474最为敏感,浓度为10μg/mL时菌丝抑制率分别为83.5%和82.9%;小麦赤霉病菌、小麦全蚀病菌、油菜菌核病菌、小麦叶枯病菌和苹果炭疽病菌对cytochalasin D最为敏感,浓度为10μg/mL时菌丝抑制率分别为83.6%、82.4%、81.9%、80.5%和79.7%。L-696,474和cytochalasin D在200μg/mL时完全抑制苹果炭疽病的孢子萌发;在500μg/mL时对小麦白粉病10天后的治疗作用分别为74.3%和85.7%,保护作用为67.1%和79.5%。
When looking for new natural agricultural antifungal active substances in higher fungi in Yunnan Province, it was found that the methanol extract of P. coccoidea had stronger antifungal activity in vitro. Two active antifungal compounds with strong antifungal activity were isolated and identified as L-696,474 and cytochalasin D by IR, MS, MS and GC. The mycelial growth inhibition rate and the spore germination rate of two plant pathogenic fungi of L-696,474 and cytochalasin D were measured in vitro and in vivo respectively. The therapeutic and protective effects of L-696,474 and cytochalasin D on wheat powdery mildew were evaluated. The results showed that Rhizoctonia cerealis and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were most sensitive to L-696 and 474, respectively. The mycelial inhibitory rates were 83.5% and 82.9% at the concentration of 10μg / mL, respectively. Fusarium graminearum, Nucleocirrhosis, wheat leaf blight and apple anthracnose were most sensitive to cytochalasin D. The mycelium inhibition rates were 83.6%, 82.4%, 81.9%, 80.5% and 79.7% at the concentration of 10μg / mL respectively. L-696,474 and cytochalasin D completely inhibited spore germination of apple anthracnose at 200μg / mL; the therapeutic effect on wheat powdery mildew was 500mg / mL for 74.3% and 85.7% respectively after 10 days, and the protective effect was 67.1% and 79.5% .