在初中物理教学中,蕴涵着不少的科学方法,如建模法、等效替代法、控制变量法、科学推理法等,这些方法可帮助学生将抽象知识具体化,让学生把握知识内涵,从而提高学生的学习效率.因此,在教学过程中,教师应加强科学方法的指导,引导学生形成良好的学习习惯.一、通过建立模型法,把握物理本质物理知识是较为抽象而复杂的,对初中生而言,理解起来有一定难度.同时,在教学过程中,知识点繁多,教学方法单一,因而学生会感觉枯燥、乏味.当然,其原因是多方面的,有的学生在理解物理知识时,缺乏深入分析与探究,难以通过简单的物理模型来表现抽象化的物理现象、物理规律.因此,在对学生进行科学方法指导时,教师应引导学生学会建立物理模型(物理条件模型、物理对象模型、数学模型、理想化实验、物理过程模型等),将物理过程或者物体事 In junior high school physics teaching, there are many scientific methods, such as modeling method, equivalent substitution method, control variable method, scientific reasoning method, etc. These methods can help students to concretize abstract knowledge and allow students to grasp knowledge connotation. In order to improve student’s learning efficiency, therefore, in the teaching process, teachers should strengthen the guidance of scientific methods and guide students to form good study habits. First, through the establishment of model method, grasping the physical physical physics knowledge is more abstract and complex. For junior high school students, it is difficult to understand. At the same time, in the teaching process, there are a lot of knowledge points and a single teaching method, so the students will feel boring and boring. Of course, the reasons are many, and some students understand physical knowledge. The lack of in-depth analysis and exploration makes it difficult to express abstract physical phenomena and physical laws through simple physical models. Therefore, when students are guided by scientific methods, teachers should guide students to learn to establish physical models (physical condition models, physical objects). Models, mathematical models, idealized experiments, physical process models, etc.), physical processes or objects