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目的探讨青霉素不良反应的临床表现,为临床合理用药提供参考依据。方法选取2013年4月至2015年3月梅州市嘉应学院医学院附属医院使用青霉素引起不良反应患者220例为研究对象,分析其临床资料,观察青霉素引起不良反应患者的临床表现、青霉素不同给药方式的不良反应发生率、不良反应和年龄分布。结果 220例使用青霉素引起不良反应患者中,主要不良反应为过敏反应,占36.4%,表现为皮疹、发热、红斑、荨麻疹等;其次为胃肠道反应,占22.7%,表现为腹痛、呕吐、恶心等。静脉推注患者不良反应发生率为42.9%,静脉滴注患者不良反应发生率为14.3%,肌内注射患者不良反应发生率为25.0%,3种给药途径不良反应发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不良反应发生率随着患者年龄增长而升高,其中以老年患者最为常见。结论通过分析青霉素不良反应发现,应该加强临床合理应用青霉素的管理,减少不良反应的发生。
Objective To explore the clinical manifestations of adverse reactions of penicillin and provide a reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods From April 2013 to March 2015, 220 cases of penicillin-induced adverse reactions in the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Jiaying University, Meizhou were selected as the research object. The clinical data were analyzed and the clinical manifestations of penicillin-induced adverse reactions, penicillin different The incidence of adverse reactions, adverse reactions and age distribution. Results Among the 220 patients with adverse reactions caused by penicillin, the main adverse reactions were allergic reactions (36.4%), which were rash, fever, erythema and urticaria, followed by gastrointestinal reactions (22.7%), with abdominal pain and vomiting , Nausea and so on. The rate of adverse reactions was 42.9% in intravenous injection patients, 14.3% in intravenous infusion patients, 25.0% in intramuscular injection patients, and there were statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions among the three routes of administration (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions increased with the age of patients, of which the elderly were the most common. Conclusion By analyzing the adverse reactions of penicillin, we found that it is necessary to strengthen the management of penicillin clinically and rationally and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.