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热误差是精密机床最主要的误差源之一。主轴是机床的关键部件,其热误差直接影响机床的加工精度。文章以某型号精密卧式加工中心主轴为对象,对其温度场和热变形进行了仿真分析。根据仿真结果发现主轴轴向热变形更严重,并结合机床结构确定温度传感器布置位置。在此基础上,对不同转速下主轴部分位置温度和轴向热误差进行现场测试。运用最小二乘法建立热误差补偿模型,直接结合机床FANUC数控系统实施主轴轴向热误差补偿。经实验验证,补偿后主轴轴向热误差减小了85%以上。
Thermal errors are one of the most important sources of error for precision machine tools. The spindle is a key part of the machine tool and its thermal error directly affects the machining accuracy of the machine tool. The article takes the spindle of a certain type of precision horizontal machining center as the object, and carries on the simulation analysis of its temperature field and thermal deformation. According to the simulation results, it is found that the axial thermal deformation of the spindle is more serious, and the location of the temperature sensor is determined according to the structure of the machine tool. On this basis, field temperature and axial thermal error of the spindle part at different speeds were tested on site. The least squares method was used to establish the thermal error compensation model, and the axial thermal error compensation of the spindle was implemented directly with the FANUC CNC system. The experimental verification, the compensation axial spindle thermal error reduced by more than 85%.