文章首先介绍了俄罗斯铁路有关部门因进入冬季而对机务部门所提出的标准和规定。详细论述了进入冬季时,机务段针对内燃机车和电力机车所要做的工作和采取的措施,也具体说明了操作的整个过程。 The article first introduces the standards and regulations put forward by the railway departments to the maintenance department as they enter the winter. The paper discusses in detail the work to be done and the measures taken for locomotives and electric locomotives when entering the winter, as well as the whole process of operation.