近年来，新辅助化疗越来越多地应用到局部晚期和早期乳腺癌患者的治疗中，且在一定程度上改善了疾病的病理状态和分期，这使乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后术后放疗的决策更为复杂。现有指南已指出新辅助化疗后腋窝淋巴结阳性的患者推荐行术后放疗。但是在新辅助化疗后达病理完全缓解或腋窝淋巴结转阴的患者中术后放疗尚存在争议。放疗可以提高患者的局部控制率和总生存率，但是部分患者接受放疗后会出现一系列的不良反应。因此，寻找在新辅助化疗后能从术后放疗中获益的患者显得十分重要。文章就新辅助化疗后达病理完全缓解或腋窝淋巴结转阴乳腺癌患者行术后放疗的研究进展进行综述。“,”In recent years, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been increasingly applied to the treatment of locally advanced or early-stage breast cancer patients, and has improved the pathological state and stage of the disease to a certain extent, which makes the decision-making of postmastectomy radiotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients more complex. Existing guidelines have pointed out that patients with positive axillary lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are recommend for postmastectomy radiotherapy. However, postmastectomy radiotherapy is still controversial in patients with pathological complete remission or pathologically lymph node-negative after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Radiotherapy can improve the local control rate and overall survival rate of patients, but some patients will have a series of adverse reactions after radiotherapy. Therefore, it is very important to find patients who can benefit from postmastectomy radiotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This article reviews the research progress of postmastectomy radiotherapy for breast cancer patients with pathological complete remission or pathologically lymph node-negative after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.