逆境中塑造独立性 对儿童独立性的培养,以美国最为突出。美国儿童自二三岁起便独居一室,稍大一些的孩子有了恐惧心理时,大人便买一种专门的灯,安在孩子的卧室里,彻夜亮着驱逐黑暗。在美国,一岁多的孩子基本上都是自己吃饭,父母将孩子“绑”在椅子上,把食物放在小桌上,让孩子 Adherence to Adherence to Adolescent Adolescent Development in Adversity, most notably in the United States. When American children live alone in their twenties and thirties, when the older children are in a state of fear, the adults buy a special lamp in the children’s bedroom and drive darkness all night long to expel the darkness. In the United States, one year old children basically eat for themselves. Parents tied their children to a chair, placed the food on a small table, and let the children