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喀斯特是指地表水和地下水对碳酸盐岩(石灰岩、白云岩、泥炭岩)等可溶岩类的溶蚀过程,以及由此产生的地藐等现象的总称。因在克罗地亚喀斯特高原分布最为典型而得名,我国一度改称岩溶。云贵高原是我国喀斯特最发育的地区。喀斯特现象包括喀斯特形态、喀斯特水文、喀斯特地貌景观、洞穴及沉积物等。喀斯特洞穴(溶洞)中广泛分布的是钙质沉积物,而洞穴环境的溶液蒸发与二氧化碳逸散是其形成的主要原因。其形态有石钟乳、石笋、石柱、石幔等。
Karst refers to the surface water and groundwater on the erosion of carbonate rocks (limestone, dolomite, peat rock) and other soluble rocks, as well as the resulting phenomenon of contempt and so on. Because of the most typical distribution in the karst plateau in Croatia, China was once renamed karst. Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau is China’s most developed karst region. Karst phenomena include karst morphology, karst hydrology, karst landscapes, caves and sediments. Calcareous sediments are widely distributed in karst caves (cave), and solution evaporation and carbon dioxide emission in cave environment are the main reasons for their formation. Its shape stone stalactites, stalagmites, stone columns, stone mantle and so on.